Goldmakher's conjecture on logarithmic sums of multiplicative functions

Let F\mathcal{F} denote the collection of all 11-bounded, completely multiplicative functions. For f,gFf,g\in\mathcal{F} and z1z\geq 1, define the pretentious distance by

D(f,g;z):=(pz1Re(f(p)g(p))p)1/2.\mathbb{D}(f,g;z):=\left(\sum_{p\leq z}\frac{1-\operatorname{Re}(f(p)\overline{g(p)})}{p}\right)^{1/2}.

Goldmakher's conjecture. Let fFf\in\mathcal{F}. Then for any 1yx1\leq y\leq x,

nxpnpyf(n)n1+(logy)eD(f,1;y)2.\sum_{\substack{n\leq x\\ p\mid n\Rightarrow p\leq y}}\frac{f(n)}{n}\ll 1+(\log y)e^{-\mathbb{D}(f,1;y)^2}.

The conjecture relates the size of logarithmic partial sums to the pretentious distance from the constant function 11, asserting that large or unbounded sums can occur only when ff pretends to be 11. The paper states that the conjecture is disproved by constructing a function for which the corresponding ratio is unbounded.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Alexander P. Mangerel, “On a conjecture of Goldmakher”, arXiv:2605.29111 (2026).

Additional references

2 papers in this index state this conjecture (2026). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:2604.06848.

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