The 2-tone edge coloring conjecture for cubic graphs excluding K4K_4

Let GG be a cubic graph that does not contain K4K_4, and let τ2(G)\tau'_2(G) denote its 2-tone edge chromatic number, namely the minimum number of colors needed for a 2-tone edge coloring of GG. The strengthened 2-tone edge coloring conjecture.

τ2(G)8.\tau'_2(G)\le 8.

This strengthens the preceding conjecture by excluding K4K_4, which requires nine colors. The authors propose it because they believe that K4K_4 is the unique graph requiring nine colors.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Hadeel Al Bazzal, “t-tone edge coloring of graphs”, arXiv:2605.24571 (2026).

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