Conjecture on the limiting eigenvalue measure for randomly twisted transfer operators

From papers

Let d2d\geq 2, and let LN{\mathscr L}_N be the randomly twisted transfer operator defined using independently uniform permutation matrices. Write Sp(LN)\mathrm{Sp}({\mathscr L}_N) for its spectrum, and let C0(C)C_0^\infty(\mathbb{C}^*) denote the smooth compactly supported test functions on C\mathbb{C}^*. Limiting eigenvalue measure conjecture. There exists an absolutely continuous measure ν\nu, compactly supported in C\mathbb{C} and locally finite in C\mathbb{C}^*, such that for every φC0(C)\varphi\in C_0^\infty(\mathbb{C}^*),

limN1NEN(λSp(LN)φ(λ))=Cφdν.\lim_{N\rightarrow\infty}\frac{1}{N}{\mathbb E}_N\left(\sum_{\lambda\in\mathrm{Sp}({\mathscr L}_N)}\varphi(\lambda)\right)=\int_{\mathbb{C}}\varphi\,d\nu.

This conjectures convergence of the expected normalized spectral counting measures, away from the origin, to an absolutely continuous limiting measure. The supplied text presents it as a natural and difficult problem following a deterministic eigenvalue-counting bound; no resolution is stated.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Frédéric Naud, “Randomly twisted transfer operators and singular values statistics”, arXiv:2605.23530 (2026).

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