Subtree-separation conjecture for the (n2,2)(n-2,2)-spectrum of trees

From papers

Let TT be a tree on nn vertices, and let Mr(2)(T)M_r^{(2)}(T) be its (n2,2)(n-2,2) moments. These moments yield universal support-forest-counting combinations, and the Laplacian spectrum supplies the ordinary vertex-level spectral data. An embedded forest count means the number of copies of the corresponding forest occurring in TT.

Subtree separation conjecture. The universal support-forest-counting combinations arising from Mr(2)(T)M_r^{(2)}(T), together with the Laplacian spectrum, determine all embedded forest counts of TT. In particular they distinguish trees.

This is presented as a stronger, potentially more approachable form of the spectral support-forest-profile conjecture. It would imply that the combined spectral data reconstruct every embedded forest statistic and hence separate non-isomorphic trees.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Boris Shapiro, “The (n-2,2)-Spectrum of a Graph”, arXiv:2605.17501 (2026).

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