Bousquet-Mélou–Mishna D-finiteness conjecture for quarter-plane walks

A small-step quarter-plane lattice model is determined by a stepset S{1,0,1}2{(0,0)}S\subseteq\{-1,0,1\}^2\setminus\{(0,0)\}, and its counting generating function is

QS(t)=ωtω,Q_S(t)=\sum_{\omega}t^{|\omega|},

where the sum ranges over walks starting at the origin, using steps in SS, and remaining in N2\mathbb{N}^2. A model is called nontrivial if it is not one of the excluded degenerate cases, and models are considered up to isomorphism. Bousquet-Mélou–Mishna conjecture. For each of the 79 nontrivial non-isomorphic unweighted small-step quarter-plane models, QS(t)Q_S(t) satisfies a linear differential equation with polynomial coefficients—that is, it is D-finite in tt—if and only if the particular group associated with the walk is finite. This conjecture concerns the classification of D-finite counting generating functions for the 79 models; the cited context presents it as the conjecture being examined, without resolving its status.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Marni Mishna and Juan Pulido, “On the small-step quarter plane lattice walks with a non D-finite univariate generating function”, arXiv:2605.16688 (2026).

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