The low-density normal-set conjecture

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A plane digraph is considered with its directed cycles and normal sets. A normal set of cycles N\mathcal{N} has low density when

2mN≤3nN,2m_\mathcal{N}\leq 3n_\mathcal{N},

where mNm_\mathcal{N} and nNn_\mathcal{N} are the associated edge and vertex counts; equivalently, q(N)≤mN/3q(\mathcal{N})\leq m_\mathcal{N}/3.

Low-density normal-set conjecture. Every plane digraph GG admits a normal set of cycles with low density and of size fvs(G)fvs(G).

If true, this would imply the upper bound fvs(G)≤3n/(2g)fvs(G)\leq 3n/(2g) for planar digraphs of digirth gg, improving the general bound for small gg.

References

Primary source

Simon Dreyer, Alexandre Pinlou and Petru Valicov, “Feedback vertex sets of planar digraphs with fixed digirth”, arXiv:2605.12279 (2026).

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