The low-density normal-set conjecture

A plane digraph is considered with its directed cycles and normal sets. A normal set of cycles N\mathcal{N} has low density when

2mN3nN,2m_\mathcal{N}\leq 3n_\mathcal{N},

where mNm_\mathcal{N} and nNn_\mathcal{N} are the associated edge and vertex counts; equivalently, q(N)mN/3q(\mathcal{N})\leq m_\mathcal{N}/3.

Low-density normal-set conjecture. Every plane digraph GG admits a normal set of cycles with low density and of size fvs(G)fvs(G).

If true, this would imply the upper bound fvs(G)3n/(2g)fvs(G)\leq 3n/(2g) for planar digraphs of digirth gg, improving the general bound for small gg.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Simon Dreyer, Alexandre Pinlou and Petru Valicov, “Feedback vertex sets of planar digraphs with fixed digirth”, arXiv:2605.12279 (2026).

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