Pons–Batle's word-encoding conjecture for tree-child networks

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Let TCn,k\mathcal{TC}_{n,k} be the class of tree-child networks with nn leaves and kk reticulation nodes, and let Cn−1,k\mathcal{C}_{n-1,k} be the class of words over the alphabet {ai}i=1n−1\{a_i\}_{i=1}^{n-1} satisfying the stated length, multiplicity, and prefix conditions. Pons–Batle's conjecture. For n≥1n\geq 1 and k≥0k\geq 0,

∣TCn,k∣=n!(n−k)!⋅∣Cn−1,k∣.|\mathcal{TC}_{n,k}| = \frac{n!}{(n-k)!}\cdot |\mathcal{C}_{n-1,k}|.

This conjectural identity relates the enumeration of tree-child networks to restricted-word encodings and would provide a direct formula for their cardinalities. The source gives no evidence of resolution, so its status remains open.

References

Primary source

Pau Vives, Anna de Mier, Gabriel Cardona and Joan Carles Pons, “Counting Spinal Tree-Child Networks via Word Encodings and Generating Functions”, arXiv:2605.10926 (2026).

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