Dennin's coefficient-positivity conjecture for Grothendieck pattern coefficients

For wSnw\in S_n, let Υw(β)\Upsilon_w(\beta) be the principal specialization of the Grothendieck polynomial and define c(β)=1c_\emptyset(\beta)=1 and

cw(β):=Υw(β)vSm0m<ncv(β)pv(w).c_w(\beta):=\Upsilon_w(\beta)-\sum_{\substack{v\in S_m\\0\leq m<n}}c_v(\beta)p_v(w).

Here pv(w)p_v(w) counts occurrences of the permutation pattern vv in ww.

Dennin's conjecture. For every permutation ww,

cw(β)Z0[β].c_w(\beta)\in\mathbb{Z}_{\geq0}[\beta].

Equivalently,

Υw(β)=vcv(β)pv(w),cv(β)Z0[β].\Upsilon_w(\beta)=\sum_v c_v(\beta)p_v(w),\qquad c_v(\beta)\in\mathbb{Z}_{\geq0}[\beta].

This is presented as a Grothendieck analogue of Gao's conjecture. The supplied text does not state a general resolution; it records a proof for permutations avoiding the 14231423 pattern.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Haojun Bai, Feng Gu, Peter L. Guo and Jiaji Liu, “Principal specializations of Grothendieck polynomials”, arXiv:2605.10276 (2026).

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