Median-preserving conjecture for the stopped-random-walk tree dynamics

Let {L,R}\{L,R\}^{\star} be the set of finite words over {L,R}\{L,R\}, and let PvP_v denote the probability measure on Z\mathbb{Z} attached to the tree node indexed by vv. For a word vv, write Pv(N)P_v(\mathbb{N}) and Pv(N)P_v(-\mathbb{N}) for the masses on the nonnegative and nonpositive integers, respectively.

Tree-asymmetry conjecture. For every v{L,R}v\in\{L,R\}^{\star},

PLv(N)>12andPRv(N)>12.P_{Lv}(\mathbb{N})>\frac{1}{2}\quad\text{and}\quad P_{Rv}(-\mathbb{N})>\frac{1}{2}.

This asserts that the strict asymmetry created by the first left or right step persists throughout the entire tree evolution. It is presented as a generalization of Cusick's conjecture; the weaker median inequalities are discussed separately, and the proposed strict statement remains open.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Dawid Tarłowski, “On the sum-of-digits measures and Cusick's conjecture via stopped random walks”, arXiv:2605.08624 (2026).

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