Degenerate diamonds require at least four leading terms

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Let q3q\geq 3, let Π\Pi be a projective plane of order qq, and consider a 4×44\times4 determinant initial form of its combinatorial incidence matrix. A degenerate diamond is a configuration (X,Y;m,n)(X,Y;m,n) with

X,Ym,n,mnXY.X,Y\notin m,n,\qquad m\cap n\in\overline{XY}.

Suppose the minimizer set of the determinant contains the swap pair associated with this degenerate diamond. Degenerate-diamond leading-term conjecture. For every projective plane of order q3q\geq 3, and in particular for every Desarguesian plane PG(2,q)\mathrm{PG}(2,q), such a degenerate diamond cannot occur when the determinant has exactly three valuation-minimizing permutations. Equivalently, carrying a degenerate diamond remainder should require at least four valuation-minimal determinant terms. The claim is motivated by the computational exclusion of the corresponding configuration in PG(2,3)\mathrm{PG}(2,3); its validity for general projective planes and larger orders remains open.

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Primary source

Jaehwan Kim, “Residue Constraints in the Rank-Three Lifting Problem for Projective-Plane Incidence Matrices”, arXiv:2605.08090 (2026).

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