Flower-support conjecture for maximizing measures of odd trigonometric polynomials

From papers

Let nZ>0n\in\mathbb{Z}_{>0} be odd. Let T=R/Z\mathbb{T}=\mathbb{R}/\mathbb{Z} be the circle, and let E2:TTE_2:\mathbb{T}\to\mathbb{T} be the doubling map. For observables

f(x)=a1cos(2πx)+b1sin(2πx)+a3cos(6πx)+b3sin(6πx)++ancos(2nπx)+bnsin(2nπx),f(x)=a_1\cos(2\pi x)+b_1\sin(2\pi x)+a_3\cos(6\pi x)+b_3\sin(6\pi x)+\cdots+a_n\cos(2n\pi x)+b_n\sin(2n\pi x),

consider measures maximizing the integral of ff among all E2E_2-invariant probability measures. Flower-support conjecture. All maximizing measures are supported in a flower with at most nn petals. This conjecture extends the known degree-one trigonometric-polynomial result for the doubling map to higher odd degrees; the status of the proposed bound for general odd nn is open.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Margaret Brown, “Expanding Maps on Flowers, Interval Exchange Transformations, and Ergodic Optimization”, arXiv:2605.06962 (2026).

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