Laugesen–Siudeja's sharp area-perimeter eigenvalue conjecture for triangles

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Let △\triangle be a triangle, with area ∣△∣|\triangle|, perimeter ∣∂△∣|\partial\triangle|, and first Dirichlet eigenvalue λ1(△)\lambda_1(\triangle). Define

F(△):=λ1(△)∣△∣−π216∣∂△∣2∣△∣.\mathcal{F}(\triangle):=\lambda_1(\triangle)|\triangle|-\frac{\pi^2}{16}\frac{|\partial\triangle|^2}{|\triangle|}.

Laugesen–Siudeja's conjecture. The functional F(△)\mathcal{F}(\triangle) is minimized uniquely by the equilateral triangle, and its minimum value is 73π2/127\sqrt{3}\pi^2/12. This is a sharp quantitative refinement of Makai's inequality for triangles; the source gives no evidence that the conjecture has been resolved.

References

Primary source

Ryoki Endo, Xuefeng Liu and Phanuel Mariano, “Sharp Dirichlet eigenvalue inequalities on triangles”, arXiv:2605.04331 (2026).

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