Algebraic characterization of the smallest closed invariant equivalence relation containing the higher order regionally proximal relation

Let (X,T)(X,T) be a minimal system, let d1d 1 be an integer, and let GG, MM, DD, J(M)J(M), and H\uptau[d](G)H_{\uptau^{[d]}}(G) be the groups and spaces defined in the paper. Write RP[d](X)\bold{RP}^{[d]}(X) for the higher order regionally proximal relation, and let A(RP[d](X))\mathcal{A}(\bold{RP}^{[d]}(X)) denote the smallest closed invariant equivalence relation containing it.

The conjecture.

A(RP[d](X))={(x,vhgx):xX, hH\uptau[d](G), gD, vJ(M)}.\mathcal{A}(\bold{RP}^{[d]}(X))=\{(x,vhgx):x\in X,\ h\in H_{\uptau^{[d]}}(G),\ g\in D,\ v\in J(M)\}.

This would give an algebraic description of the maximal factor of order dd for arbitrary group actions, and in particular would imply consequences for higher order regionally proximal relations under the Bronstein condition. The paper presents the statement as unresolved; proving it is complicated by the failure of right multiplication and inversion to be \uptau[d]\uptau^{[d]}-homeomorphisms and by the structure of cube spaces when d>2d>2.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Axel Álvarez, “On higher order regionally proximal relations and topological characteristic factors for group actions”, arXiv:2605.02304 (2026).

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