Hermitian Wigner universality for level crossings

Fix a real-valued probability distribution μ\mu with mean zero and finite moments, and a complex-valued probability distribution ν\nu with mean zero, unit variance, finite moments, and Hermitian symmetry hji=hijh_{ji}=\overline{h_{ij}}. Let HEμ,ν,n\mathcal H E_{\mu,\nu,n} be the Wigner ensemble of Hermitian n×nn\times n matrices whose diagonal entries are i.i.d. with law μ\mu and whose upper-triangular off-diagonal entries are i.i.d. with law ν\nu. Hermitian Wigner universality conjecture. If AnA_n and BnB_n are independent matrices from HEμ,ν,n\mathcal H E_{\mu,\nu,n}, normalized in the usual Wigner scaling, then the empirical level-crossing measures of An+λBnA_n+\lambda B_n converge as nn\to\infty to the same probability measure Ψ\Psi as in the GUE limiting-density conjecture. Thus the limiting law is universal within the Hermitian symmetry class and independent of the particular laws μ\mu and ν\nu. The conjecture is the non-Gaussian universality extension of the Hermitian Gaussian result.

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Primary source

B. Shapiro, “Level Crossing in Random Matrices. III. Analogs of Girko's circular and Wigner's semicircle laws”, arXiv:2604.25785 (2026).

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