Pseudocovariance-independence conjecture for GOE level crossings

From papers

Let AnA_n and BnB_n be independent GOE matrices, and write the normalized complex Gaussian pencil as C^n(λ)=(An+λBn)/n(1+λ2)\widehat C_n(\lambda)=(A_n+\lambda B_n)/\sqrt{n(1+|\lambda|^2)}. Its entry pseudocovariance is

τ(λ)=1+λ21+λ2,q(λ)=τ(λ)2.\tau(\lambda)=\frac{1+\lambda^2}{1+|\lambda|^2},\qquad q(\lambda)=|\tau(\lambda)|^2.

Let Δn(λ)\Delta_n(\lambda) denote the discriminant of the pencil and let cnc_n be independent of λ\lambda. Pseudocovariance-independence conjecture. The pseudocovariance parameter does not contribute to the leading asymptotics:

1n(n1)logΔn(λ)=12log(1+λ2)+cn+o(1)\frac{1}{n(n-1)}\log|\Delta_n(\lambda)|=\frac12\log(1+|\lambda|^2)+c_n+o(1)

in probability in Lloc1(C)L^1_{\rm loc}(\mathbb C). This would imply the uniform level-crossing law for GOE pencils; the unresolved issue is whether the pseudocovariance affects the leading logarithmic energy.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

B. Shapiro, “Level Crossing in Random Matrices. III. Analogs of Girko's circular and Wigner's semicircle laws”, arXiv:2604.25785 (2026).

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