The GOE level-crossing law for real orthogonal matrices

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Let AA and BB be independently chosen from the real Gaussian orthogonal ensemble GOEnRGOE_n^{\mathbb R}, consisting of real symmetric n×nn\times n matrices with the standard GOE distribution. Their branch-point measure is the empirical measure of the n(n−1)n(n-1) level crossings of the pencil A+λBA+\lambda B on CP1\mathbb{CP}^1. GOE level-crossing conjecture. For every n≥3n\geq 3, the branch-point distribution is uniform on CP1\mathbb{CP}^1, with affine density

1π(1+∣λ∣2)2 dx dy.\frac{1}{\pi(1+|\lambda|^2)^2}\,dx\,dy.

The case n=2n=2 is stated as a theorem in the source; the conjecture extends that conclusion to all higher dimensions.

References

Primary source

B. Shapiro, “Level Crossing in Random Matrices. III. Analogs of Girko's circular and Wigner's semicircle laws”, arXiv:2604.25785 (2026).

Additional references

2 papers in this index state this conjecture (2018–2026). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:1806.08732.

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