Fazekas–Mammoliti–Mercaş–Simpson extension of the Fici–Saarela conjecture

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Let ww be a binary word of length nn. An abelian square is a factor consisting of two consecutive factors with the same Parikh vector. An abelian square of the form a2ia^{2i} or b2ib^{2i}, for a positive integer ii, is called trivial.

Fazekas–Mammoliti–Mercaş–Simpson conjecture. A binary word of length nn contains at least

⌊n4⌋\left\lfloor \frac{n}{4}\right\rfloor

abelian squares, and if it contains exactly ⌊n4⌋\left\lfloor \frac{n}{4}\right\rfloor abelian squares, then all the abelian squares are trivial.

This is presented as an extension of the Fici–Saarela conjecture. The supplied text gives no resolution of either the lower bound in full generality or the equality characterization.

References

Primary source

Szilard Zsolt Fazekas, Adam Mammoliti, Robert Mercas and Jamie Simpson, “Binary Words Containing Few Abelian Squares”, arXiv:2604.23188 (2026).

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