The negative-curve characterization of instability for line bundles
Let be a smooth complex projective surface, let with ample, and let be the Bridgeland stability condition defined by the tilted heart and central charge above. For a line bundle on , write for the restriction to of . Negative-curve instability conjecture. (a) If , then is not -stable if and only if there exists a curve of negative self-intersection such that is a subobject of in and
(b) If , then is not -stable if and only if there exists a curve of negative self-intersection such that is a subobject of in and
This conjecture aims to characterize precisely the mechanisms by which a line bundle can fail to be Bridgeland stable: instability should arise exactly from subobjects associated with curves of negative self-intersection. Its status is unresolved in the supplied source.
References
Primary source
Yu-Wei Fan, “Notes on the deformed Hermitian-Yang-Mills equations and the large scaling limits of stability conditions”, arXiv:2604.22246 (2026).
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