The universality conjecture for irrational two-step affine systems

Let u{\boldsymbol{u}} denote the relevant dynamical system, let A2,αA_{2,\alpha} be the associated system parametrized by an irrational parameter α\alpha, let F(A2,α){\mathcal{F}}(A_{2,\alpha}) denote its characteristic class, and let DISPec{\mathrm{\mathbf{DISP}}}_{\mathrm{e}c} denote the class of ergodic-disjoint systems. Universality conjecture.

αQF(A2,α)=DISPec.\bigcap_{\alpha\notin\mathcal{Q}}{\mathcal{F}}(A_{2,\alpha})={\mathrm{\mathbf{DISP}}}_{\mathrm{e}c}.

This asserts that the systems belonging to every class F(A2,α){\mathcal{F}}(A_{2,\alpha}) for irrational α\alpha are exactly the ergodic-disjoint systems. The surrounding questions concern universal models for these classes; the source does not provide a resolution of this conjecture.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

J. Aaronson, A. I. Danilenko, J. Kułaga-Przymus and M. Lemańczyk, “Unveiling universality, encloseness, and orthogonality in dynamics”, arXiv:2604.21392 (2026).

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