The quenched complexity formula for TAP critical points

From papers

Let FTAPF_{\mathrm{TAP}} be the TAP free energy, and for fRf\in\mathbb{R} and ε>0\varepsilon>0 let Nε(f)\mathcal{N}_\varepsilon(f) denote the number of TAP critical points at free-energy level ff. Define

Λ~(θ)=θinfζ:ζ([0,sup(suppζ)))=θParisi(ζ).\widetilde{\Lambda}(\theta)=\theta\inf_{\zeta:\,\zeta([0,\sup(\operatorname{supp}\zeta)))=\theta}\mathcal{P}\mathrm{arisi}(\zeta).

The quenched complexity formula. There exists an open subset DRD\subset\mathbb{R} such that, for every fDf\in D,

limε0limN1NE[logNε(f)]=Λ~(f)=infθ(Λ~(θ)θf).\lim_{\varepsilon\to 0}\lim_{N\to\infty}\frac{1}{N}\mathbb{E}\bigl[\log\mathcal{N}_\varepsilon(f)\bigr]=-\widetilde{\Lambda}^*(f)=\inf_\theta\bigl(\widetilde{\Lambda}(\theta)-\theta f\bigr).

This formula is proposed for the quenched complexity, and the conditional annealed lower bound supplies evidence for it in the mixed case. The source notes that the relevant Parisi optimizer has a jump at the top of its support in certain regimes, but does not establish the formula in general.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Jeanne Boursier, “The Legendre structure of the TAP complexity for the Ising spin glass”, arXiv:2604.20660 (2026).

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