Nontrivial-domain existence conjecture for finite-time overdetermination

Let mNm\in\mathbb{N}, let N2N\ge 2, and let ΩRN\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^N be a bounded domain. Let uu solve the heat equation problem referred to as Problem finite times, and require that there exist times t1,,tm>0t_1,\dots,t_m>0 and constants b1,,bmb_1,\dots,b_m such that

νu(tn)bnon Ωfor n=1,,m.\partial_\nu u(t_n)\equiv b_n\quad\text{on }\partial\Omega\quad\text{for }n=1,\dots,m.

Finite-time nontriviality conjecture. For every mNm\in\mathbb{N}, this problem admits nontrivial solutions, meaning solutions whose domains are not Euclidean balls.

This asks whether finitely many overdetermined times permit domains beyond balls, in contrast with rigidity results requiring stronger or asymptotic information. The conjecture remains open in the supplied source.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Lorenzo Cavallina and Andrea Pinamonti, “A discrete-time overdetermined problem for the heat equation”, arXiv:2604.20430 (2026).

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