Sharp Heisenberg eigenvalue and minimal profile

For each r=1,,nr=1,\dots,n, let SrS_r be a strip of nn pentagons labelled by the relator [x,y]z1[x,y]z^{-1} filling xnyxny1znx^n y x^{-n} y^{-1} z^{-n}. Glue these strips to form the source funnel AnA_n, let BnB_n be its reverse-oriented copy, and let CnC_n be the n×n2n\times n^2 rectangular grid of [x,z][x,z]-squares described above. The resulting van Kampen diagram Δn=AnCnBn\Delta_n=A_n\cup C_n\cup B_n has boundary word Wn=[xn,[xn,yn]]W_n=[x^n,[x^n,y^n]] and area n3+2n2n^3+2n^2. Here μ~1\widetilde\mu_1 denotes the unweighted face-dual Dirichlet eigenvalue, and ΛPH3\Lambda^\ast_{\mathcal P_{H_3}} denotes the minimal weighted profile for the Heisenberg presentation.

Sharp Heisenberg eigenvalue and minimal profile. The explicit family satisfies

μ~1(Δn)n2\widetilde\mu_1(\Delta_n)\asymp n^{-2}

and the minimal weighted profile satisfies

ΛPH3(n)n2.\Lambda^\ast_{\mathcal P_{H_3}}(n)\asymp n^{-2}.

The upper bound for μ~1(Δn)\widetilde\mu_1(\Delta_n) follows from the rectangular corridor and a sine test function. A path-Poincaré argument is suggested for the lower bound, but the supplied text does not establish it; the sharp asymptotic and the corresponding minimal-profile claim therefore remain to be verified.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Mayukh Mukherjee, “Spectral Dehn functions and a characterisation of word-hyperbolicity”, arXiv:2604.09014 (2026).

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