Thurston's Euler class realization conjecture for taut foliations

Let MM be a closed orientable irreducible atoroidal 3-manifold with positive first Betti number. An integral class is a class aH2(M;R)a\in H^2(M;\mathbb{R}) arising from integral cohomology, and the parity condition means that aa lies in the image of 2H2(M;Z)H2(M;R)2H^2(M;\mathbb{Z})\to H^2(M;\mathbb{R}). A taut foliation F\mathcal{F} has Euler class e(F)H2(M;R)e(\mathcal{F})\in H^2(M;\mathbb{R}). Thurston's Euler class realization conjecture. For any integral class aH2(M;R)a\in H^2(M;\mathbb{R}) of dual Thurston norm one and satisfying the parity condition, there exists a taut foliation F\mathcal{F} of MM with Euler class e(F)e(\mathcal{F}) equal to aa. The conjecture asks whether every eligible boundary class of the dual Thurston norm ball is realized by a taut foliation; the parity condition is necessary for Euler classes of transversely oriented plane fields.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Mehdi Yazdi, “Thurston norm and the Euler class”, arXiv:2604.08096 (2026).

Additional references

5 papers in this index state this conjecture (2014–2026). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:2409.14504, arXiv:2211.11725, arXiv:2008.07223, arXiv:1402.7096.

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