Johnson–Leader–Russell's tower-of-cubes conjecture for maximal chains

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Let XX be an nn-element set, and let (X)\binom{X}{\bullet} denote the Boolean lattice of subsets of XX. For integers t,k1t,k\geq 1 with n=tkn=tk, partition XX into pairwise disjoint blocks X1,,XkX_1,\dots,X_k of size tt. The tower of tt-cubes is the family

Tt={AX:(X1Xs)A(X1Xs+1) for some 0sk1}.\mathcal{T}_t=\left\{A\subseteq X:(X_1\cup\cdots\cup X_s)\subseteq A\subseteq(X_1\cup\cdots\cup X_{s+1})\text{ for some }0\leq s\leq k-1\right\}.

For a family A2X\mathcal{A}\subseteq 2^X, let c(A)c(\mathcal{A}) be its number of maximal chains. Johnson–Leader–Russell's tower-of-cubes conjecture. If A=Tt|\mathcal{A}|=|\mathcal{T}_t|, then

c(A)c(Tt).c(\mathcal{A})\leq c(\mathcal{T}_t).

The conjecture asserts that towers of cubes maximize the number of maximal chains among equally sized families in the Boolean lattice. The source states that these constructions are equivalent, from the set-system perspective, to bucket orders, and explicitly says that the conjecture is disproved by improved constructions based on regular bipartite posets.

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Primary source

Afrouz Jabal Ameli, Jesper Nederlof and Shengzhe Wang, “Improved Space-Time Tradeoffs for Permutation Problems via Extremal Combinatorics”, arXiv:2604.05661 (2026).

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