Permanent anti-concentration conjecture for complex Gaussian matrices

Let WW be an n×nn\times n matrix with independent entries distributed as N(0,1)CN(0,1)_{\mathbb C}, and let pp be a polynomial in its arguments. Permanent anti-concentration conjecture (PACC). There exists a polynomial pp such that for all nn and δ>0\delta>0,

Pr(per(W)<n!p(n,1/δ))<δ.\Pr\left(\left|\operatorname{per}(W)\right|<\frac{\sqrt{n!}}{p(n,1/\delta)}\right)<\delta.

This is the standard anti-concentration conjecture for the permanent and is used to control the probability that the permanent of a complex Gaussian matrix is unusually close to zero. Under this conjecture, the paper obtains that only Oϵ(logn)O_{\epsilon}(\log n) zeros of per(W+zJ)\operatorname{per}(W+zJ) lie within a ball of radius (1ϵ)1/n(1-\epsilon)\sqrt{1/n} around the origin, implying that the bulk of the zeros lies at scale 1/n\sqrt{1/n}; the conjecture itself is not resolved here.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Frederic Koehler and Pui Kuen Leung, “Approximating the Permanent of a Random Matrix with Polynomially Small Mean: Zeros and Universality”, arXiv:2604.01367 (2026).

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