Degree-four median-eigenvalue conjecture excluding projective-plane incidence graphs

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Let GG be a simple graph of order nn, with adjacency eigenvalues λ1≥⋯≥λn\lambda_1 \geq \cdots \geq \lambda_n, and let λh\lambda_h and λℓ\lambda_\ell be its median eigenvalues, where

h=⌊(n+1)/2⌋,ℓ=⌈(n+1)/2⌉.h=\lfloor (n+1)/2\rfloor,\qquad \ell=\lceil (n+1)/2\rceil.

A vertex-disjoint union is a graph whose connected components are the specified graphs. Degree-four median-eigenvalue conjecture. If GG has maximum degree at most 44 and is not a vertex-disjoint union of incidence graphs of projective planes of order 33, then both median eigenvalues have absolute value at most 2\sqrt{2}. This is presented as a natural strengthening motivated by the resolved subcubic case and remains open.

References

Primary source

Hricha Acharya, Zilin Jiang and Shengtong Zhang, “Bounds on median eigenvalues of graphs of bounded degree”, arXiv:2603.27434 (2026).

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