Degree-four median-eigenvalue conjecture excluding projective-plane incidence graphs

Let GG be a simple graph of order nn, with adjacency eigenvalues λ1λn\lambda_1 \geq \cdots \geq \lambda_n, and let λh\lambda_h and λ\lambda_\ell be its median eigenvalues, where

h=(n+1)/2,=(n+1)/2.h=\lfloor (n+1)/2\rfloor,\qquad \ell=\lceil (n+1)/2\rceil.

A vertex-disjoint union is a graph whose connected components are the specified graphs. Degree-four median-eigenvalue conjecture. If GG has maximum degree at most 44 and is not a vertex-disjoint union of incidence graphs of projective planes of order 33, then both median eigenvalues have absolute value at most 2\sqrt{2}. This is presented as a natural strengthening motivated by the resolved subcubic case and remains open.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Hricha Acharya, Zilin Jiang and Shengtong Zhang, “Bounds on median eigenvalues of graphs of bounded degree”, arXiv:2603.27434 (2026).

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