Universality of the Euclidean form on affine type C admissible tuples

For an integer n≥1n\geq1, define

ΔnC={(x1,…,xn)∈Zn | xi+i≢0(mod2n+1), xi+i≢xj+j(mod2n+1), xi+i≢−(xj+j)(mod2n+1)},\Delta_n^C=\left\{(x_1,\ldots,x_n)\in\mathbb{Z}^n\ \middle|\ x_i+i\not\equiv0\pmod{2n+1},\ x_i+i\not\equiv x_j+j\pmod{2n+1},\ x_i+i\not\equiv-(x_j+j)\pmod{2n+1}\right\},

where the latter two conditions hold for 1≤i<j≤n1\leq i<j\leq n. The Euclidean form is ∑i=1nxi2\sum_{i=1}^n x_i^2. Affine type C universality conjecture. For any integer n≥4n\geq4, the Euclidean form is universal on ΔnC\Delta_n^C. The claim is proved in the paper when 2n+12n+1 is prime; the general case remains open.

References

Primary source

Nathan Chapelier-Laget, Thomas Gerber, Nicolas Jacon and Cédric Lecouvey, “Entropy of affine permutations and universality of affine atomic lengths”, arXiv:2603.22256 (2026).

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