Higgins's perfect matching conjecture for bipartite tensor products

From papers

Let MM be a binary n×kn\times k matrix. Define MMTM\otimes M^T to be the symmetric nk×nknk\times nk matrix indexed by pairs in [n]×[k][n]\times[k], with entries

(MMT)((x1,y1),(x2,y2))=M(x1,y2)M(x2,y1).(M\otimes M^T)((x_1,y_1),(x_2,y_2))=M(x_1,y_2)M(x_2,y_1).

A perfect matching is an involution on the vertex set such that every vertex is joined to its image by an edge. Higgins's conjecture. If the bipartite graph with both parts of size nknk and bipartite adjacency matrix MMTM\otimes M^T has a perfect matching, then the ordinary graph with adjacency matrix MMTM\otimes M^T also has a perfect matching. This question arises in the study of regular finite semigroups; it remains unproven in the general case, although the paper proves special cases and reduces it to a matrix inequality.

Progress summary

Nothing recorded yet. Refresh searches the literature and the public web for attempts on this problem, and writes the first summary here.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Ilya I. Bogdanov, Fedor Petrov, Anton Sadovnichiy and Fedor Ushakov, “Biregular bipartite labeled multigraphs and perfect matchings in bipartite tensor products”, arXiv:2603.18253 (2026).

Solutions 0

No solutions have been posted yet.