Linial's path-partition conjecture for digraphs

Let DD be a digraph and let kk be a positive integer. The kk-norm of a path partition P\mathcal{P} of DD is Pk=PPmin{V(P),k}|\mathcal{P}|_k=\sum_{P\in\mathcal{P}}\min\{|V(P)|,k\}. A path partition is kk-minimum when its kk-norm is minimum, and this minimum is denoted by πk(D)\pi_k(D). A partial kk-coloring is a collection of kk vertex-disjoint stable sets; let αk(D)\alpha_k(D) be the maximum number of vertices covered by such a coloring.

Linial's conjecture. For every digraph DD and every positive integer kk,

πk(D)αk(D).\pi_k(D)\leq\alpha_k(D).

This extends the Gallai–Milgram inequality α1(D)π1(D)\alpha_1(D)\geq\pi_1(D) and is one of Linial's two proposed generalizations involving kk-optimal path partitions and colorings. The source states that the conjecture remains open.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Caroline A. de Paula Silva, Cândida Nunes da Silva and Orlando Lee, “Orthogonality between acyclic subdigraphs and paths in digraphs”, arXiv:2603.17115 (2026).

Additional references

3 papers in this index state this conjecture (2016–2026). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:1708.06691, arXiv:1606.06765.

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