Shape theorem for single-source stochastic sandpiles

Consider stochastic sandpiles with uniform topplings on Z\mathbb{Z}. Let δ0\delta_0 denote the unit mass at the origin, and let DnD_n be the set of vertices toppled during stabilization of the configuration nδ0n\delta_0. Single-source shape conjecture. For every ε>0\varepsilon>0,

P([(1ε)n2,(1ε)n2]Dn[(1+ε)n2,(1+ε)n2])n1.\mathbb{P}\bigg([-(1-\varepsilon)\frac{n}{2},(1-\varepsilon)\frac{n}{2}]\subseteq D_n\subseteq[-(1+\varepsilon)\frac{n}{2},(1+\varepsilon)\frac{n}{2}]\bigg)\xrightarrow{n\to\infty}1.

This predicts that the toppled region, after releasing nn particles at the origin, is asymptotically an interval of radius n/2n/2; the supplied text gives no resolution.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

David Beck-Tiefenbach and Robin Kaiser, “Stochastic Sandpiles with Uniform Toppling Rule on the Line”, arXiv:2603.16304 (2026).

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