Sarnak's volume-approximation conjecture for polynomial level sets

Let F=(F1,,Fp):RnRpF=(F_1,\ldots,F_p):\mathbb{R}^n\to\mathbb{R}^p be a polynomial map of degree dd, let KRnK\subseteq\mathbb{R}^n be a compact set satisfying (P1), and let T>0T>0 and α\alpha be parameters. Assume that xKF(x)=0\\{x\in K\mid F(x)=0\\} is non-empty and does not lie in an (np)(n-p)-dimensional linear subspace. Sarnak's conjecture. There exists a δ>0\delta>0 such that

\begin{aligned} \\#\Big( \\{x\in T\cdot K: \lVert F(x)\rVert\leqslant T^{d-\alpha}\\}\cap\mathbb{Z}^n\Big) &\ll \operatorname{Vol}_n\Big(\\{x\in T\cdot K: \lVert F(x)\rVert\leqslant T^{d-\alpha}\\}\Big)\\\\ &\quad+T^{\\,n-p-\delta}. \end{aligned}

This strengthens the preceding estimate by replacing its main term with the volume of the relevant sublevel set, thereby predicting that lattice-point counts are approximated by volume up to a power-saving error under the stated geometric assumptions.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Tijs Buggenhout, Mathias Stout and Lisa Vandebrouck, “Approximating parametric suprema for constructible and power-constructible functions”, arXiv:2602.23126 (2026).

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