Representability by canonical gain-graph incidence matrices

Let (G,B)(G,\mathcal{B}) be a biased graph, let MM be an elementary lift of the frame matroid F(G,B)F(G,\mathcal{B}), and suppose that MM is 33-connected. Let F\mathbb{F} be a field and let AA be a matrix representing MM over F\mathbb{F}. Canonical incidence-matrix conjecture. There is an (F+F×)(\mathbb{F}^+\rtimes\mathbb{F}^{\times})-gain function ψ\psi for GG such that

F(G,B)=F(G,ψ/F+),F(G,\mathcal{B})=F(G,\psi/\mathbb{F}^+), M=M(F+F×,F+,A,G,ψ),M=M(\mathbb{F}^+\rtimes\mathbb{F}^{\times},\mathbb{F}^+,\mathcal{A},G,\psi),

and AA is projectively equivalent to A(D,ψ)A(D,\psi) for every orientation DD of GG. This asserts that every such representation is, up to projective equivalence, an incidence matrix arising from a gain function.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Zach Walsh, “Matroids from gain graphs over quotient groups”, arXiv:2602.23066 (2026).

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