Counting conjecture for surface subgroups in finite-volume hyperbolic manifolds

From papers

Let M=Hn/ΓM=\mathbb H^n/\Gamma be a complete hyperbolic nn-manifold of finite volume. Let n(g,M)n(g,M) and s(g,M)s(g,M) denote the counting functions for the relevant surface subgroups in MM; the source uses these quantities without further definition.

Counting conjecture. There exists a constant C(M)C(M) such that

limg1gn(g,M)2g=limg1gs(g,M)2g=C(M).\lim_{g\to\infty}\frac{1}{g}\sqrt[2g]{n(g,M)}=\lim_{g\to\infty}\frac{1}{g}\sqrt[2g]{s(g,M)}=C(M).

This conjecture extends the proposed counting asymptotics from closed hyperbolic 33-manifolds to complete finite-volume hyperbolic manifolds in arbitrary dimension. The surrounding discussion motivates counting conjugacy classes and commensurability classes of surface subgroups, but the supplied text gives no evidence that the conjecture has been resolved.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Xiaolong Hans Han, Zhenghao Rao and Jia Wan, “Counting surface subgroups in cusped hyperbolic 3-manifolds”, arXiv:2602.20098 (2026).

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