The visibility-dimension claim for the abelian surface 9603.2.a.o

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Let A/QA/\mathbb{Q} be the abelian surface with label 9603.2.a.o\textnormal{\texttt{9603.2.a.o}}. Its Tate--Shafarevich group \Sha(A/Q)\Sha(A/\mathbb{Q}) contains an element of order 77.

Visibility-dimension claim. This element is not visible in any abelian threefold; in particular, its visibility dimension is 44.

This claim concerns the minimum dimension of an abelian variety over Q\mathbb{Q} that makes a given element of the Tate--Shafarevich group visible. The supplied text gives no evidence that the claim has been resolved.

References

Primary source

Sam Frengley and Dylan Laird, “Modular abelian surfaces of small conductor with nontrivial Tate–Shafarevich groups”, arXiv:2602.19813 (2026).

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