Chebyshev–Artin primitive-root conjecture

From papers

For a prime pp, let RpR_p denote the relevant Chebyshev residue structure, and let ωa\omega_a be the element associated with aRpa\in R_p. A Chebyshev primitive root is an element aRpa\in R_p for which ωa\omega_a has order pϵp-\epsilon. A Chebyshev square is an integer of the form T2(x)=2x21T_2(x)=2x^2-1. Chebyshev–Artin primitive-root conjecture. Every integer a0,±1,2n2+1a\neq 0,\pm1,2n^2+1 that is not a Chebyshev square is a Chebyshev primitive root modulo pp for infinitely many primes pp. This is the proposed analogue of Artin's conjecture for the Chebyshev setting; the source gives no resolution, so the assertion remains open.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Kok Seng Chua, “Chebyshev polynomials and a refinement of the local residue/non-residue structure at a prime”, arXiv:2602.17727 (2026).

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