Asymptotic growth conjecture for homogeneous Golombic and Levine sequences

From papers

Let w=(b1m1bkmk)w=(b_1^{m_1}\dots b_k^{m_k}) be a word in reduced form. Call ww homogeneous if either {b1,,bk}\{b_1,\dots,b_k\} or {b1,,bk}\{-b_1,\dots,-b_k\} is a subset of N0\mathbb N_0, and either {m1,,mk}\{m_1,\dots,m_k\} or {m1,,mk}\{-m_1,\dots,-m_k\} is a subset of N\mathbb N. Let γw\gamma w and w\ell w denote the golombic and Levine sequences based at ww, respectively, and let φ=12(1+5)\varphi=\frac12(1+\sqrt5) and κ\kappa be Mallows's constant.

Asymptotic growth conjecture. The golombic sequence γw\gamma w is either bounded or

limnγn+1wγnwγn1w=φ1,\lim\limits_{n\to\infty}\frac{\gamma_{n+1}w}{\gamma_nw\,\cdot\,\gamma_{n-1}w}=\varphi-1,

and the Levine sequence w\ell w is either bounded or

limnn+1wnwn1w=κ.\lim\limits_{n\to\infty}\frac{\ell_{n+1}w}{\ell_nw\,\cdot\,\ell_{n-1}w}=\kappa.

The conjecture describes the asymptotic ratios of unbounded Golombic and Levine sequences based at homogeneous words. The Levine assertion generalises a hypothesis expressed by Mallows; the bounded cases remain included as an alternative.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Johan Claes and Roland Miyamoto, “Golombic and Levine sequences”, arXiv:2602.10992 (2026).

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