Face-relative-interior conjecture for stubborn forms

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Let X⊂PnX\subset \mathbb{P}^n be a totally real variety, let PXP_X denote its cone of nonnegative forms, and let F\mathcal{F} be a face of PXP_X. Face-relative-interior conjecture. Either every point in the relative interior of F\mathcal{F} is stubborn, or no point in the relative interior of F\mathcal{F} is stubborn. For smooth curves, this follows from the characterization in terms of real zeroes, but the assertion is open for general totally real varieties.

References

Primary source

Lorenzo Baldi, Grigoriy Blekherman, Khazhgali Kozhasov, Daniel Plaumann, Bruce Reznick and Rainer Sinn, “Stubborn Polynomials”, arXiv:2602.01191 (2026).

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