Refinement of the Craig–van Ittersum–Ono conjecture for prime-detecting quasimodular forms

Let NN be a positive integer. Let βE~(N)\beta\widetilde{E}(N) denote the space of quasimodular Eisenstein forms on Γ0(N)\Gamma_{0}(N), let ΩN\Omega_{N} denote the space of prime-detecting quasimodular forms of level NN, and let S~old(N)\widetilde{S}^{\mathrm{old}}(N) denote the space of quasimodular oldforms on Γ0(N)\Gamma_{0}(N). Refined conjecture.

ΩN=ΩN(E~(N)S~old(N)).\Omega_{N}=\Omega_{N}\cap\left(\widetilde{E}(N)\oplus\widetilde{S}^{\mathrm{old}}(N)\right).

This refinement is motivated by examples whose nonzero cuspidal parts lie in the quasimodular oldform space. It predicts that any failure of the Eisenstein-space inclusion is accounted for by oldforms, while the claim remains open in the source.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Yeong-Wook Kwon and Youngmin Lee, “On the structure of prime-detecting quasimodular forms in higher levels”, arXiv:2601.21267 (2026).

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