Berger–Coburn conjecture on the borderline heat transform criterion

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Let H2(Cn,dμ)H^2(\mathbb C^n,d\mu) be the Bargmann–Fock space, let gg be measurable, and let kak_a denote the normalized reproducing kernel at aCna\in\mathbb C^n. For t>0t>0, define the heat transform, whenever the integral is absolutely convergent, by

g(t)(a)=(4πt)nCng(w)ewa2/(4t)dv(w).g^{(t)}(a)=(4\pi t)^{-n}\int_{\mathbb C^n}g(w)e^{-|w-a|^2/(4t)}\,dv(w).

Assume that gkaL2(dμ)gk_a\in L^2(d\mu) for every aCna\in\mathbb C^n, and let TgT_g be the associated Toeplitz operator. Berger–Coburn conjecture. TgT_g extends to a bounded operator on H2(Cn,dμ)H^2(\mathbb C^n,d\mu) if and only if g(1/4)g^{(1/4)} is bounded on Cn\mathbb C^n.

The estimates of Berger and Coburn establish the corresponding norm inequalities for heat-transform times strictly above and strictly below 1/41/4, leaving the endpoint t=1/4t=1/4 as the unresolved case. The conjecture asks whether boundedness of this borderline transform is also sufficient for boundedness of the Toeplitz operator.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Sam Looi, “A counterexample to the Berger–Coburn conjecture”, arXiv:2601.20859 (2026).

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