Positive fixed-point proportion dichotomy for polynomial iterated Galois groups

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Let KK be a field and let f∈K[x]f\in K[x] be a polynomial of degree d≥2d\geq 2. Assume either that char⁡(K)=0\operatorname{char}(K)=0 or that char⁡(K)\operatorname{char}(K) does not divide the local degree of any critical point of ff. Let KsepK^{\mathrm{sep}} be a separable closure of KK, let tt be transcendental over KK, and let G∞(Ksep,f,t)G_\infty(K^{\mathrm{sep}},f,t) be the geometric iterated Galois group. A polynomial has a euclidean orbifold when its associated orbifold is euclidean; the type (∞,∞)(\infty,\infty) is excluded below. Positive fixed-point proportion dichotomy conjecture. Either ff has a euclidean orbifold not of type (∞,∞)(\infty,\infty) and

FPP(G∞(Ksep,f,t))>0,\mathrm{FPP}(G_\infty(K^{\mathrm{sep}}, f, t))>0,

or

FPP(G∞(Ksep,f,t))=0\mathrm{FPP}(G_\infty(K^{\mathrm{sep}}, f, t))=0

otherwise. The result would further classify polynomial iterated Galois groups with positive fixed-point proportion. The surrounding discussion derives the expected dichotomy from known martingale and mixing results, but the conjectural classification itself remains open in the supplied text.

References

Primary source

Jorge Fariña-Asategui and Santiago Radi, “Fixed-point proportion of geometric iterated Galois groups”, arXiv:2601.16173 (2026).

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