Positive fixed-point proportion dichotomy for polynomial iterated Galois groups

Let KK be a field and let fK[x]f\in K[x] be a polynomial of degree d2d\geq 2. Assume either that char(K)=0\operatorname{char}(K)=0 or that char(K)\operatorname{char}(K) does not divide the local degree of any critical point of ff. Let KsepK^{\mathrm{sep}} be a separable closure of KK, let tt be transcendental over KK, and let G(Ksep,f,t)G_\infty(K^{\mathrm{sep}},f,t) be the geometric iterated Galois group. A polynomial has a euclidean orbifold when its associated orbifold is euclidean; the type (,)(\infty,\infty) is excluded below. Positive fixed-point proportion dichotomy conjecture. Either ff has a euclidean orbifold not of type (,)(\infty,\infty) and

FPP(G(Ksep,f,t))>0,\mathrm{FPP}(G_\infty(K^{\mathrm{sep}}, f, t))>0,

or

FPP(G(Ksep,f,t))=0\mathrm{FPP}(G_\infty(K^{\mathrm{sep}}, f, t))=0

otherwise. The result would further classify polynomial iterated Galois groups with positive fixed-point proportion. The surrounding discussion derives the expected dichotomy from known martingale and mixing results, but the conjectural classification itself remains open in the supplied text.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Jorge Fariña-Asategui and Santiago Radi, “Fixed-point proportion of geometric iterated Galois groups”, arXiv:2601.16173 (2026).

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