Chebyshev classification of positive fixed-point proportion

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Let fC[x]f\in \mathbb{C}[x] be a complex polynomial, and let G(C,f,t)G_\infty(\mathbb{C},f,t) denote its geometric iterated Galois group over a transcendental parameter tt. A polynomial is linearly conjugate to another if it is obtained from it by conjugation by a linear polynomial. Chebyshev classification conjecture. The following are equivalent: ff is linearly conjugate to ±Td\pm T_d for some d2d\geq 2, and

FPP(G(C,f,t))>0.\mathrm{FPP}(G_\infty(\mathbb{C},f,t))>0.

Chebyshev polynomials are known to have positive fixed-point proportion, with value 1/21/2 for odd degree and 1/41/4 for even degree. The conjecture asserts that these, up to linear conjugacy and sign, are the only complex polynomials with positive fixed-point proportion.

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Primary source

Jorge Fariña-Asategui and Santiago Radi, “Fixed-point proportion of geometric iterated Galois groups”, arXiv:2601.16173 (2026).

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