Modal logics of Minkowski spacetime

For each nn, let \mathcal{F}^n = \langle \mathbb{R}^{1+n}, \mathrel{\scalebox{0.85}{\oldalpha}} \rangle be the frame of (1+n)(1+n)-dimensional Minkowski spacetime with causal relation \mathrel{\scalebox{0.85}{\oldalpha}}. Minkowski-spacetime logic conjecture.

  1. L(F2)=D4da2.2\mathcal{L}(\mathcal{F}^2) = \mathbf{D4da_2.2}.
  2. L(Fn)=D4da.2\mathcal{L}(\mathcal{F}^{n}) = \mathbf{D4da.2} for n2n \geq 2.

These equalities propose complete axiomatizations of the normal modal logics determined by two-dimensional and higher-dimensional Minkowski spacetime, respectively. The surrounding discussion develops the relevant axioms and separates the two-dimensional case from higher-dimensional settings, but does not establish either equality.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Marco Lewis and Nesta van der Schaaf, “Some Results on Causal Modalities in General Spacetimes”, arXiv:2601.14029 (2026).

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