Near-optimal spectral-gap meta-conjecture for random hyperbolic surfaces

Let (Xk)k(X_k)_k be a sequence of random finite-area hyperbolic surfaces such that

limkVol(Xk)=+.\lim_{k\to\infty}\operatorname{Vol}(X_k)=+\infty.

Write λ1(Xk)\lambda_1(X_k) for the first positive Laplace eigenvalue. Random hyperbolic-surface spectral-gap meta-conjecture. For every ϵ>0\epsilon>0,

limk+P(λ1(Xk)14ϵ)=1.\lim_{k\to+\infty}\mathbb{P}\left(\lambda_1(X_k)\geq\frac14-\epsilon\right)=1.

The claim predicts that random hyperbolic surfaces asymptotically achieve the universal-cover threshold 1/41/4 with high probability. It is presented as a meta-conjecture motivated by the analogy with random regular graphs and Selberg's conjecture; the source does not give a resolution.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Laura Monk and Frédéric Naud, “Spectral Gaps on Large Hyperbolic Surfaces”, arXiv:2601.13988 (2026).

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