Three-point characterization of ultrametric spaces whose subsets are centered spheres

Let (Y,ρ)(Y,\rho) be an ultrametric space with Y3|Y|\geq3. A centered sphere is a sphere with a center in the underlying space. The three-point centered-sphere conjecture. The following are equivalent: every nonempty subset of YY is a centered sphere in (Y,ρ)(Y,\rho); and YY has exactly three points and (Y,ρ)(Y,\rho) is weakly similar to the specified three-point ultrametric space (X3,d)(X_3,d). The source presents this as a characterization, but gives no resolution status.

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Primary source

Oleksiy Dovgoshey and Olga Rovenska, “Center of distances of ultrametric spaces generated by labeled trees”, arXiv:2601.13363 (2026).

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