The context-free quasigeodesic characterization of hyperbolic groups

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Let GG be a finitely generated group. For rational λ1\lambda\geq 1, real ϵ0\epsilon\geq 0, and a finite generating set SS, consider the language of (λ,ϵ)(\lambda,\epsilon)-quasigeodesics in the Cayley graph Γ(G,S)\Gamma(G,S). Say that GG has the QCF\mathbb{Q}\mathrm{CF} property when all these languages are context-free. Context-free quasigeodesic conjecture. A finitely generated group is hyperbolic if and only if it has the QCF\mathbb{Q}\mathrm{CF} property. This would extend the characterization of hyperbolic groups by regular quasigeodesic languages; the paper proves failure of the property for groups containing suitable undistorted nilpotent or Baumslag–Solitar subgroups, but the general converse remains open.

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Primary source

Arya Saranathan, “Quasigeodesic languages are not context-free in some non-hyperbolic groups”, arXiv:2601.12520 (2026).

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