The rGD wave function conjecture of BCT3

Let r2r\geq 2, let LL be the Gelfand–Dikii operator, and let Φ(T,λ)\Phi(T_*,\lambda) solve

ΦTn=λn1(Ln/r)+Φ(n1),ΦT2=0=1.\frac{\partial\Phi}{\partial T_n}=\lambda^{n-1}(L^{n/r})_+\Phi\quad(n\geq 1),\qquad \Phi\big|_{T_{\geq 2}=0}=1.

Write ϕ=logΦ=gZλg1ϕg\phi=\log\Phi=\sum_{g\in\mathbb Z}\lambda^{g-1}\phi_g, and let Fg1r,o(t,s)F_g^{\frac{1}{r},o}(t^*_*,s) be the genus-gg open rr-spin potential formed from the open intersection numbers τd1α1τdlαlσkg1r,o\langle\tau^{\alpha_1}_{d_1}\cdots\tau^{\alpha_l}_{d_l}\sigma^k\rangle_g^{\frac{1}{r},o}. The rGD wave function conjecture of BCT3. For every genus g1g\geq 1, there is a geometric construction of these open rr-spin intersection numbers, and

Fg1r,o=(r)g12ϕgtdr11r(tdr1δd,0rs).F_g^{\frac{1}{r},o}=(-r)^{\frac{g-1}{2}}\phi_g\bigg|_{t^{r-1}_d\mapsto\frac{1}{\sqrt{-r}}(t^{r-1}_d-\delta_{d,0}rs)}.

This proposes an all-genus geometric open rr-spin theory and identifies its potentials with coefficients of the logarithm of the rrGD wave function; the genus-zero analogue is described earlier, while the higher-genus geometric construction remains conjectural.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Ran J. Tessler and Yizhen Zhao, “Open r-spin theory in genus one, and the Gelfand-Dikii wave function”, arXiv:2601.04114 (2026).

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