Strong boundary-word existence conjecture

From papers

For each integer n5n\ge 5, let An{\bf A}_n be the nn-letter alphabet, Anω{\bf A}_n^{\omega} the set of infinite words over it, Tn{\bf T}_n the class of boundary words, and let F(w){\bf F}(\mathbf w) denote the set of factors of an infinite word w\mathbf w. For a factor x\mathbf x, let exp(x){\sf \exp}(\mathbf x) be its exponent. Strong boundary-word existence conjecture. For every n5n\ge5, there exists an infinite word wTnAnω\mathbf w\in{\bf T}_n\cap{\bf A}_n^{\omega} such that

maxxF(w), xlexp(x)l1.\max_{\substack{\mathbf x\in{\bf F}(\mathbf w),\ |\mathbf x|\ge l}}{\sf \exp}(\mathbf x)\xrightarrow{l\to\infty}1.

This is the main hypothesis introduced in this part of the paper: it asserts the existence, for every alphabet with at least five letters, of a boundary word whose sufficiently long factors have exponents arbitrarily close to 11. The surrounding text indicates that an appropriately weakened version is proved from the exponential hypothesis, while the full assertion is presented as a conjecture.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Igor N. Tunev, “On Circular Threshold Words and Other Stronger Versions of Dejean's conjecture”, arXiv:2512.24581 (2025).

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