Hooley's Hypothesis R for incomplete Kloosterman sums

Let u1<u2 u_1< u_2 be positive integers, let nn be a positive integer, let bb be an integer coprime to nn, and let aˉ\bar a denote the multiplicative inverse of aa modulo nn. Define e(x)=e2πixe(x)=e^{2\frac{\pi i x}{}}. Hooley's Hypothesis R. For every psilon]>0psilon] > 0, one has

ν1<aν2gcd(a,n)=1e(baˉn)ϵ(ν2ν1)12nϵ.\sum_{\substack{\nu_1 < a \leq \nu_2 \\ \gcd(a,n)=1}} e\left(\frac{b\bar a}{n}\right) \ll_\epsilon (\nu_2-\nu_1)^{\frac12}n^\epsilon.

This is a conjectural square-root cancellation estimate for incomplete Kloosterman sums and is introduced in the context of improvements to the Brun–Titchmarsh theorem. The supplied text does not state whether the hypothesis has been proved or disproved.

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Primary source

Will Sawin and Mark Shusterman, “Short sums of trace functions over function fields and their applications”, arXiv:2512.24080 (2025).

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