The beta-catastrophe conjecture for emergence of a giant wandering strongly connected component

Let Gβ,nG_{\beta,n} be the support digraph for a discrete family, let VnV_n be its vertex set, and let SnS_n be the set of solution states. Write

Φn(β):=1VnSCCmax(Gβ,n(VnSn)).\Phi_n(\beta):=\frac{1}{|V_n|}\left|\operatorname{SCC}_{\max}\bigl(G_{\beta,n}\restriction(V_n\setminus S_n)\bigr)\right|.

A phase transition at βc(0,1)\beta_c\in(0,1) means that limnΦn(β)=0\lim_{n\to\infty}\Phi_n(\beta)=0 for β<βc\beta<\beta_c and lim infnΦn(β)>0\liminf_{n\to\infty}\Phi_n(\beta)>0 for β>βc\beta>\beta_c. The β\beta-catastrophe conjecture. For certain hard discrete families, there exists βc(0,1)\beta_c\in(0,1) such that Φn(β)\Phi_n(\beta) undergoes a phase transition at βc\beta_c. For β>βc\beta>\beta_c, typical trajectories exhibit long transients supported by the giant strongly connected component of Gβ,n(VnSn)G_{\beta,n}\restriction(V_n\setminus S_n) before reaching SnS_n, causing rapid growth or divergence of solution times as β1\beta\uparrow1. The claim connects a graph phase transition in the wandering region to critical slowing down or failure of the associated discrete dynamics; the source does not state whether it has been proved or refuted.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Manish Krishan Lal, “The Flow-Limit of Reflect-Reflect-Relax: Existence, Stability, and Discrete-Time Behavior”, arXiv:2512.23843 (2025).

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