Extremal formula for Berge linear forests

Let P=P1Pk\mathcal{P}=P_{\ell_1}\cup\dots\cup P_{\ell_k} be a linear forest with k2k\geq 2 and k13\ell_k\geq\dots\geq\ell_1\geq 3. Write

i=i+12.\ell_i'=\left\lfloor\frac{\ell_i+1}{2}\right\rfloor.

For an rr-uniform hypergraph, let exr(n,Berge-P)\mathrm{ex}_r(n,\text{Berge-}\mathcal{P}) denote the maximum number of hyperedges in an nn-vertex hypergraph containing no Berge copy of P\mathcal{P}. Extremal formula for Berge linear forests. When 2ri=1ki2\leq r\leq\sum_{i=1}^k\ell_i',

exr(n,Berge-P)=max{exr(n,Berge-Pk),f(n,i,r)},\mathrm{ex}_r(n,\text{Berge-}\mathcal{P})=\max\{\mathrm{ex}_r(n,\text{Berge-}P_{\ell_k}),f(n,\ell_i,r)\},

where

f(n,i,r)=(i=1ki1r1)(ni=1ki+1)+(i=1ki1r)+IΠi(i=1ki1r2),f(n,\ell_i,r)=\binom{\sum_{i=1}^k\ell_i'-1}{r-1}\left(n-\sum_{i=1}^k\ell_i'+1\right)+\binom{\sum_{i=1}^k\ell_i'-1}{r}+\mathbb{I}_{\Pi\ell_i}\cdot\binom{\sum_{i=1}^k\ell_i-1}{r-2},

and IΠi=0\mathbb{I}_{\Pi\ell_i}=0 if i=1ki\prod_{i=1}^k\ell_i is odd, while IΠi=1\mathbb{I}_{\Pi\ell_i}=1 if i=1ki\prod_{i=1}^k\ell_i is even. The conjecture extends the single-path extremal formula to arbitrary linear forests; the source says that a similar construction gives the lower bound, but does not provide a proof of the asserted equality.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Xiamiao Zhao, Yiyan Zhan and Mei Lu, “Extremal results on Berge disjoint paths”, arXiv:2512.23382 (2026).

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